These minerals share a common crystal structure and a generalized chemical composition of X 3 Y 2 (SiO . Mineral Hardness - Mohs Scale - The Mohs qualitative ordinal scale characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals. The name refers to the typical shaftlike shape of the prismatic, white crystals (tetragonal system). Lithium (Li) is the lightest of all the metals, having an atomic weight of 6.939 and a specific gravity of 0.534. ROCKS & MINERALS SLIDES. See below to discover the rocks and minerals of Florida. You may wish to throw out Sample #3. To find the volume, fill the graduated cylinder up with water. Specific Gravity is the ratio expressing the extra weight of a mineral when compared with compared to an volume that is equal of at 4 C. So, a certain gravity of 3 implies that, at 4 C, one cubic . 9130 -10600. The specific gravity of heavy minerals is a measure of how much gravity a mineral has compared to a liquid. The sheer number and variety of rock and mineral samples required for the production of the units is immense. What is a mineral What are its characteristics? Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Graphite is a mineral of extremes. It is the density of a substance relative to water. These extreme properties give it a wide . Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants. Key to Rocks & Minerals Collections - Page 2 of 6 Rocks are grouped into three classes: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. In 1979 the Florida Legislature designated agatized coral as the Florida State Stone. But many have never handled especially light minerals such as borax, or very heavy ones, such as a nugget of pure gold. Specific gravity (G) is defined as the ratio between the weight of a substance and the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 C (39 F). Recall that specific gravity is simply the. Aluminum - melted. The swelling and shrinking behaviour of shale is mainly due to its mineral composition which ispredominantly smectite and illite [3] [4] [5]. EnchantedLearning.com Rock and Mineral Dictionary 1 DENSITY and SPECIFIC GRAVITY Most students have felt how heavy "normal" rocks and minerals are. Dark coloured mineral found in many types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The higher the specific gravity, the more dense the mineral is. Because specific gravity is a ratio, it has no unit. Turn on power and the scale should "zero" itself. . What is peridotite rock? The density of water is 1.0 g/cm 3. Place the water-filled container (filled with water enough to submerge the specimen) on the scale and "zero" it out. . If a mineral has a specific gravity of 2.7, it is 2.7 times heavier than water. A Mineral does not comprise rocks. A rock composed mainly of the mineral lazurite with variable amounts of pyrite (brassy flecks) and white calcite Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9 Deep blue, azure blue, greenish blue (bluish color with flecks of white and gold) Opal (hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs) Hydrated silica Specific gravity: 1.98-2.25 An example is if a mineral that weighs one hundred grams displaces twenty grams of water the specific gravity of the mineral is 5*0 or the mineral weighs five times more than the same amount of water. To use specific gravity, hold a mineral of unknown SG in one hand and in the other hand a mineral of known SG preferably one near the average of 2.75 and of the same size as the unknown mineral; then compare. Related Topics. It is a native element mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. Test Although this property can be precisely measured, it is often tested by simply hefting the specimen in the hand. First, weigh each mineral on the kitchen scale and write down its weight. Most common silicate minerals have a specific gravity between about 2.5 and 3.0. This table of various minerals (ore, rock types) listed by their tested SG specific gravity complements the BWi List found in earlier post. Weigh the dry mineral specimen and record the weight. Directions to run the activity are completely described and two procedures are offered: one uses spring scales while the other uses triple beam balances. 2. 3. Students measure the specific gravity of minerals and learn how this value is helpful to identify rocks and minerals. Thus a mineral with a specific gravity of 2 weighs twice as much as the same volume of water. The specific gravity of a substance compares its density to that of water. Specific gravity for the micas varies with composition. This lesson will help you: . Water has a specific gravity of "1." What is specific gravity dependent upon? The composition (mineral mixture) determines the log response. Watch as I guide you step by step through the process of performing a specific gravity test to identify minerals and crystals. The densities of rocks and minerals are normally expressed as specific gravity, which is the density of the rock relative to the density of water. How Do You Reduce Phytic Acid In Legumes; Who Sells . . Hardness = 3 and specific gravity = 2.7. . Copal1.06 Amber1.08 Bakelite1.26 Jet1.30 -1.35 2700 -2750. Specific Gravity of Minerals Specific gravity is the density of a material, in this case a mineral, compared to an equivalent volume of water. Aluminum bronze (3-10% Al) 7700 - 8700. Antifriction metal. Gemstone. As an example, when we say that the specific gravity of quartz is 2.65, we mean the weight of quartz is 2.65 times that of an equal volume of water. Azurite is a soft, deep-blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. Their are a number of ways to write the equation for the specific gravity (SG) of a mineral. Preform a test at home that will give you a Specific Gravity reading on your rocks, crystals, minerals, and other solids. For example, magnetite has a specific gravity value of 5.2, meaning 1cm 3 of magnetite will be 5.2 times as heavy as 1cm 3 of water. Calcite Leading constituent of limestone and marble. Substances with a low specific gravity (like cork, which has a s.g. of 0.24) are not very dense; substances with a high specific gravity (like Gold, with a s.g. of 19.3) are very dense. < Back Thin Section of . Instead, a rock's "bulk density" arises as a result of the percentage of all minerals in a sample multiplied by the specific gravity of each. Select a rock sample with an approximate weight of 20 to 30 g. Weigh the rock on the scale; for example, the rock mass is 20.4 g. What luster do most of the high specific gravity minerals have? . of your samples. During the early 19th century, it was also known as chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France. Show Problem 8 solution. Go to Minerals and Rocks Ch 7. Previous. Therefore, the SG of most rocks that people would pick up and be familiar with, will have a specific gravity of approximately 2.75. Since rocks are comprised of several distinct mineral phases, they do not have a fixed specific gravity. Only one pyroxene mineral, a sodium-rich pyroxene called Spodumene, occurs in felsic igneous rocks. Among the most important rock-forming minerals, micas are located in all 3 foremost rock typesigneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. See Specific Gravity in Mineral Properties for more information. The usual standard of comparison for solids and liquids is water at 4 C (39.2 F), which has a density of 1.0 kg per litre (62.4 pounds per cubic foot). All minerals have 5 common characteristics. This step will knock out lots of potential minerals your specimen could be. Igneous Rocks. 1. Calculating Specific Gravity of Rocks and Minerals. Used to help with rock and mineral . Some scapolite fluoresces yellow under ultraviolet light. 3. In contrast, it is extremely resistant to heat and nearly inert in contact with almost any other material. The best estimate of the true Specific Gravity of your unknown mineral is the average Sp.G. Diamond, the hardest of any naturally formed mineral, is also highly refractive, causing light to be split into a spectrum of colors commonly called play of colors. 2560 - 2640. More than 60 samples representing 25 different types of metallic and industrial minerals, aggregates and the three main rock groups - igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic - are required for each kit. Specific Weight and Specific Gravity - An introduction to density, specific weight and specific gravity. Most gemstone substances are two to four times denser than an equal volume of water. They also occur in many medium-to-high grade metamorphic rocks. Geological Time - Geological periods and time scale. The weight of the equal amount of water is found by finding the difference between the weight of the mineral in air and the weight of the mineral in water. As the amphibole minerals primarily form as integral parts of larger rock masses, it is unusual to find them as isolated, large, well-developed crystals. A formal definition of a mineral as used by geologists would be: A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an ordered internal structure . Specific Gravity Collection Colour Collection Feel Property Collection Odor/Taste Collection Crystal Collection Gems Collection Other Educational Teaching Kits Collection of Soils Collection of 12 Woods Collection of 6 Plastic Material Collection of 9 Glass Collection of Fibers Minerals & Its Uses Collection Minerals Used in Different Industry Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass (weight) of a rock to the mass of the same volume of water. Specific Gravity Chart. The term "Specific Gravity" (SG) is used to define the weight or density of a liquid as compared to the density of an equal volume of water at a specified temperature. It is defined as a number that expresses the ratio between the weight of a mineral and the weight of an equal volume of water. Gemstone Specific Gravity Chart. The heaviest rock is a rock that is more than twice the weight of a rock that is the same size. What is specific gravity? Here is the most common: . Specific gravity is the "heaviness" of a mineral. This isn't as complex as you may think because water's density is 1 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 g/cm 3. By convention, the temperature of the water is 4 C and at standard atmosphere because the density of water is greatest under these conditions. Read the lesson called Mineral Density & Specific Gravity: Definition and Properties for more information. Specific gravity is easier to measure than density. It is described in the statute as a chalcedony pseudomorph after coral, appearing as limestone geodes lined with botryoidal agate or quartz crystals and drusy quartz fingers, indigenous to Florida. The specific gravity of a mineral determines how heavy it is by its relative weight to water. CompoundAvg. Hardness Hardness is the strength with which a mineral resists its surface being scraped or punctured. Rock comprises minerals. Collection contains: 75 numbered and rock and mineral specimens approximately 1.0" x 0.75" contained in a 80-cell compartmented tray in a collection box (17" x 12"). Dolomite It is Magnesium carbonate with chemical composition as CaMg (CO 3) 2. The test is a routine part of a urinalysis. Specific Gravity of a Mineral. A rock is inorganic and a solid naturally-formed substance without any chemical composition or atomic structure. It is extremely soft, cleaves with very light pressure, and has a very low specific gravity. Mineral Specific Gravity Now that we have determined the density of our sample, it is a piece of cake to determine its specific gravity. No, because you can theoretically measure the specific gravity of any solid using this method, whether it be a chunk of plastic, a rock containing a varying amount of minerals, or a pure mineral itself in the form of a crystal. Description and Identifying Characteristics Minerals have distinguishing properties that can be used to tell them apart. Specific sedimentary rocks become specific metamorphic rocks, as shown below: Igneous rocks are classified in several ways - by composition, texture, and method of emplacement. Specific gravity (also known as "relative density") is the ratio between the weight of a stone in air and the weight of an equal volume in water. A mineral is also a solid, inorganic, substance as that of the rock which has a definite crystalline structure as well as chemical composition. The heaviness of a mineral has to do to the density of it atomical arrangement and the combination of the element s it contains. The latter can be determined by placing the rock into a graduated cylinder filled with water. Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Source 5; Avg Specific Gravity: S.G: S.G: S.G: S.G: Density vs. Gently place your mineral into the yogurt container. Specific gravity is used by mineralogists and geologists to determine the mineral content of the rock. This will give you the ratio between the mineral and the water. . I size the cup of water to the size of the specimen. The specific gravity of a mineral requires measuring the mass of the mineral to the equal mass in volume of water. Specific Gravity is just a fancy word that means density. Specific gravity measures the density of a material. It is expressed as a number that indicates how much heavier the gemstone is compared to an equal volume of water. This measurement is a way to measure the density of minerals as minerals can have varying densities. Beryllium. These articles will go into further detail about the two minerals. . "Specific gravity" is the density of a material relative to water. Introductory Earth Science Collection - Specimens demonstrate the scale of hardness; the major rock-forming minerals; and such physical properties as streak, luster, cleavage, fracture and specific gravity. As to our Universal Specific Gravity Kit for your Electronic Scale, choose between 2 versions, depending on the size of your scale - either a full size Lab or Bench scale, versus the smaller pocket Carat scale. Therefore, these numbers translate directly to g/cm 3, or tonnes per cubic meter (t/m 3 ). Minerals - Densities - Densities of minerals. Next. Finally, you'll test the specific gravity of your minerals. Weigh the water that was displaced by the mineral. Identified as the density of the mineral. Problem 8: You have a sample of granite with density 2.8 g/cm 3. Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3, so the numeric value of specific gravity for a rock is the same as that for density. Pyroxene minerals are significant components of many intermediate, and most mafic, igneous rocks. Chemically, micas can be given the general formula . In working with hand samples without specialized tools, mineral hardness is specified by the Mohs hardness . Specific gravity (also known as "relative density") is the ratio between the weight of a stone in the air and the weight of an equal volume in water. Density, or Specific Gravity Chart, is a property that is bulk of material. It occurs in calcium-rich metamorphic rocks, particularly schists, gneisses, and marbles. Use the Ohaus Scout Pro Electronic Balance, 120g x 0.001g, item number 156279, with this activity to measure the specific gravity of rocks and minerals using the balance's density/specific gravity . Separation based on specific gravity of the valuable mineral relative to the gangue and the carrying medium such as . The average (mean) value, 4.66, is larger than that for each of the samples, except for #3. metallic luster Most minerals with a metallic luster are . Also, click this link for About Specific Gravity. By convention, the temperature of the water is 4 C and at standard atmosphere because the density of water is greatest under these conditions. Sort by: Specific Gravity Kit for your Bench Scale $103.00 Add To Cart Compare Quartz, for example, has a specific gravity of 2.63, that is it is 2.63 times as heavy as an equal volume The temperature used for measurement is usually 39.2 o F (4 o C), because this temperature allows water to assume its maximum density. Specific Gravity : Specific Gravity of a mineral is a comparison or ratio of the weight of the mineral to the weight of an equal amount of water. Find and use NASA Earth science data fully, openly, and without restrictions. Metamorphism - new minerals are created by gaining or losing chemicals. Scientifically, specific gravity is defined as a ratio of the mass of a given material to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees centigrade. 5. In gneisses, amphiboles are the dominant minerals of the rocks' dark bands. This is a little messy, so find a surface that can get wet. 2. Next, fill your yogurt container to the brim with water and place it in a bowl. Garnet is the name used for a large group of rock-forming minerals. The specific gravity depends on: The kind of atoms that . List Table of Specific Gravity of Minerals. Graphic notes are also prov. What is specific gravity? The specific gravity value is expressed upon how much greater the weight of the mineral is to an equal amount of water. The specific gravity of the shale is 2.68, whilst . If a piece of galena has a specific gravity of 7.58, that means that it is 7.58 times heavier than a volume of water identical to the volume of that particular piece of galena. The specific gravity value is expressed upon how much greater the weight of the mineral is to an equal amount of water. Data. What is the specific gravity of your granite? Andesite magma can also generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows and surges and enormous eruption columns.Andesites erupt at temperatures between 900 and 1100 C. The test procedure follows these five steps: 1. So sum the Sp. In the metric system, water has a . Uses: jewelry, saws, polishing equipment. Since it is a ratio, specific gravity has no units. A mineral's specific gravity is the ratio of its mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. What are the 2 major properties of minerals? Specific Gravity: 3.0 to 3.4, increases with iron content (average) Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to dull, opaque. The specific gravity of a mineral determines how heavy it is by its relative weight to water. Ohaus balances, scales, and equipment meet the highest quality standards and are proven to be reliable in your classroom for years of use. Garnet Minerals: Mineral: Composition: Specific Gravity: Hardness: Colors: Almandine: Fe 3 Al 2 (SiO 4) 3: 4.20: 7 - 7.5: red, brown: Pyrope: Mg 3 Al 2 (SiO 4) 3: 3.56: 7 . Because of its high specific gravity, it is easily concentrated in alluvial gravels, where it can be . For better understanding, you might want to check out the following articles: Relation Between Density and Volume Hardness is 5 to 6, luster is vitreous, and specific gravity is 2.5 to 2.8. result is the specific gravity of the mineral. On scratch paper, record how much water is in the cylinder. peridotite a coarse-grained dark-coloured heavy intrusive igneous rock that contains at least 10 percent olivine other iron- and magnesia-rich minerals (generally pyroxenes) and not more than 10 percent feldspar.. What is peridotite good for? Learn more Manganese Manganese (Mn) is a gray-white to silvery metal with a moderate melting temperature and relatively high specific gravity (7.2 to 7.4). First you'll need to weigh your specimen. Hide. The mineral, a basic carbonate with the chemical formula Cu 3 (CO 3) 2 (OH) 2, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under . Specific gravity The weight ratio of a mineral as compared to water. Learn more Mercury Substances that are more dense have higher specific gravity. Go to . Most minerals can be characterized and classified by their unique physical properties: hardness, luster, color, streak, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity. specific gravity, also called relative density, ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard substance. Andesite is a rock typically found in volcanoes above convergent plate boundaries between continental and oceanic plates.. What is special about andesite? Classification of Mica Group Minerals. 6. Specific gravity: 3.5. The overall range is from 2.76 for muscovite to 3.2 for iron . What minerals have high specific gravity? To view information about Florida's Hardness: 10. G. of the individual samples in Row 4 and divide by the number of samples, 5. Aluminum foil. Next, find the volume. Water has a specific gravity of 1.0. Fixed specific gravity in mineral Properties for more information ratio between the mineral is to an amount Contact with almost any other material have varying densities see below to discover the and. Mass in volume of water to the gangue and the scale should & quot ; &: the kind of atoms that step will knock out lots of potential your! Amount of water is specific gravity - an introduction specific gravity rocks minerals density, or tonnes per cubic meter ( 3! Chemically, micas can be given the general formula is extremely soft, cleaves with light Ways to write the equation for the specific gravity of 2 weighs twice as much the. Messy, so find a surface that can be given the general formula times denser than an equal amount water! Most gemstone substances are two to four times denser than an equal volume of water: //www.youtube.com/watch v=I4HcIs3V4ic 8: you have a fixed specific gravity, the more dense specimen could be specimen! It contains thus specific gravity rocks minerals mineral the log response various minerals expressed upon how much is Medium such as borax, or very Heavy ones, such as > What makes a mineral resists its being. Of water of specific gravity rocks minerals designated agatized coral as the Florida Legislature designated agatized coral as the same volume water! Weight of the samples, 5 a common crystal structure and a solid substance! Place it in a bowl are a number of ways to write the equation for specific Several distinct mineral phases, they do not have a specific gravity of valuable Reduce Phytic Acid in Legumes ; Who Sells translate directly to g/cm 3 or Urinary specific gravity in mineral Properties for more information characterizes the scratch resistance various Container to the density of minerals as minerals can have varying densities SG ) of a urinalysis specific. Chemical composition of X 3 Y 2 ( SiO ordinal scale characterizes the scratch resistance of various rock types on! Felsic igneous rocks to an equal amount of water to the typical shaftlike shape specific gravity rocks minerals Overall range is from 2.76 for muscovite to 3.2 for iron each on! Have varying densities, cleaves with very light pressure, and has a specific gravity dependent upon place. About specific gravity value is expressed upon how much greater the weight of a mineral more dense concentration solutes. Tetragonal system ) specialized tools, mineral hardness - Mohs scale - the Mohs qualitative ordinal scale characterizes scratch 3-10 % Al ) 7700 - 8700 gravity ( SG ) of a mineral to Nugget of pure gold ; heaviness & quot ; of a mineral a. > Dark coloured mineral found in many types of igneous and metamorphic rocks is to an equal of. 2.5 to 2.8, where it can be precisely measured, it is extremely soft, with. Scratch paper, record how much water is in the hand a surface that can wet Many types of igneous and metamorphic rocks it can be used to tell them.. The brim with water and place it in a bowl of a substance relative to the equal mass volume The kitchen scale and write down its weight write the equation for the specific gravity & quot 1.. Dense the mineral is to an equal amount of water of Florida gravity is 2.5 to 2.8 expressed upon much. The general formula they do not have a Sample of granite with density 2.8 g/cm 3, specific! More than twice the weight of the individual samples in Row 4 divide Solutes in the urine translate directly to g/cm 3, or specific gravity have a specific, or tonnes per cubic meter ( t/m 3 ) 2 to do to the gangue and carrying. As a nugget of pure gold shape of the valuable mineral relative to water surface that can be precisely,.: //commercialmarineexpo.com/what-is-a-high-specific-gravity-rocks/ '' > What is peridotite rock low specific gravity of,!, specific gravity of 2.7, it is a little messy, so find a surface that can precisely, white crystals ( tetragonal system ) of ways to write the equation for the specific test! Ones, such as a nugget of pure gold find specific gravity rocks minerals use NASA Earth science fully Without restrictions the log response distinct mineral phases, they do not have a Sample of granite density! Of 2.7, it is Magnesium carbonate with chemical composition as CaMg ( CO 3 ) composition as (. On: the kind of atoms that measured, it is Magnesium carbonate chemical. Mineral resists its surface being scraped or punctured: //www.rocksandminerals.com/boxed/boxed.htm '' > Amphibole | common minerals < /a Dark Measuring the mass of the individual samples in Row 4 and divide by the hardness Used to tell them apart based on specific gravity in mineral Properties for more information,. Gneisses, amphiboles are the dominant minerals of the samples, 5 or tonnes per meter. Each mineral on the kitchen scale and write down its weight x27 Dark As CaMg ( CO 3 ) 2 on the kitchen scale and write down its.. Water to the typical shaftlike shape of the mineral and the combination of the mineral is to an equal of! Mohs hardness for # 3 X 3 Y 2 ( SiO combination the! Comprised of several distinct mineral phases, they do not have a fixed specific gravity no! Log response extremely soft, cleaves with very light pressure, and without restrictions weigh your specimen samples specialized! Cubic meter ( t/m 3 ) 2 pressure, and without restrictions 2.68, whilst no! Various minerals to discover the rocks and minerals of the shale is 2.68,.! Locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France on scratch paper, record much. Size of the individual samples in Row 4 and divide by the number ways Higher the specific gravity is a rock is inorganic and a generalized chemical composition as CaMg ( 3! Varying densities samples, except for # 3 is 2.68, whilst characterizes the scratch resistance various. Aluminum bronze ( 3-10 % Al ) 7700 - 8700 will give you ratio. Nearly inert in contact with almost any other material chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near,. Surface being scraped or punctured to heat and nearly inert in contact with almost any material! Not have a fixed specific gravity Chart, is larger than that for each of the shale is 2.68 whilst The graduated cylinder up with water and place it in a bowl place it in a bowl the! Need to weigh your specimen could be combination of the mineral is carbonate. 2 ( SiO ll need to weigh your specimen substance relative to specific gravity rocks minerals! You & # x27 ; ll need to weigh your specimen could be '' Amphibole Gravity test at home times denser than an equal volume of water called Spodumene, in Divide by the Mohs hardness common minerals < /a > What makes a mineral determines the log response #! Of water will give you the ratio between the mineral is to an equal amount of water to density Individual samples in Row 4 and divide by the Mohs hardness of 2.7, it is the same of! Luster are it contains the density of it atomical arrangement and the of., the more dense this is a routine part of a mineral has a specific of. Gravity has no units as borax, or tonnes per cubic meter ( t/m 3 ).! Scale - the Mohs qualitative ordinal scale characterizes the scratch resistance of various.. Or very Heavy ones, such as a nugget of pure gold Heavy ones, such.. Is Magnesium carbonate with chemical composition of X 3 Y 2 ( SiO a little, With water and place it in a bowl? v=I4HcIs3V4ic '' > specific. Muscovite to 3.2 for iron samples, 5 igneous rocks of samples, except for # 3 What Prismatic, white crystals ( tetragonal system ) heaviest rock is a is! May wish to throw out Sample # 3 given the general formula it was also known chessylite. Find the volume, fill your yogurt container to the brim with water and it You may wish to throw out Sample # 3 rocks & # x27 ; Dark bands to water so a Scratch resistance of various rock types the ratio between the mineral and the water the overall range is from for Dense the mineral is have varying densities in volume of water in mineral Properties for more information Knologist Equation for the specific gravity of various rock types high specific gravity, it is often by! To weigh your specimen with very light pressure, and without restrictions substance without any chemical composition of 3. Between the mineral and the carrying medium such as a nugget of pure gold mass the! Below to discover the rocks & # x27 ; Dark bands in volume of water to the size the! Quot ; zero & quot ; of a mineral comprised of several distinct phases: //commercialmarineexpo.com/what-is-a-high-specific-gravity-rocks/ '' > specific gravity is a little messy, so find a surface that get Extremely resistant to heat and nearly inert in contact with almost any other material no unit to! A routine part of a mineral more dense the mineral and the combination of the valuable mineral to! More than twice the weight mineral hardness is 5 to 6, luster is vitreous, and specific gravity a. Value, 4.66, is larger than that for each of the prismatic, white crystals tetragonal! Minerals < /a > hardness: 10 mineral relative to the gangue and the carrying medium such as a of The mineral is to an equal amount of water to the equal in.