Enter Stanford neuroscientist Dr. Andrew Huberman. Thus, cortico-fugal projections to the brainstem enable the visual cortex, an area that has been principally studied for its sensory processing function, to plastically adapt the execution of innate motor behaviours. Thus, the mouse harbours several functionally specialized, parallel retino-geniculo-cortical pathways, one of which originates with retinal DSGCs and delivers direction- and orientation-tuned information specifically to the superficial layers of the primary visual cortex. In particular, he is famous for his podcast, The Huberman Lab Podcast, at the current date. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that connect the eyes to the brain, fail to regenerate after damage, eventually leading to blindness. If you know some information, please comment below. But more than anything, this is a conversation about how to better self-regulate ourselves as animals. We used a genetic approach to reduce glutamate release selectively from ipsilateral-projecting RGCs and found that their release-deficient axons failed to exclude competing axons from the ipsilateral eye territory in the dLGN. Retrograde circuit mapping with modified rabies viruses revealed that the On-DSGCs project to the brainstem centers involved in both horizontal and vertical retinal slip compensation. The podcast is frequently ranked in the Top 15 of all podcasts globally . Whether direction-selective information computed at the level of the retina is routed to cortical circuits and integrated with other visual channels, however, is unknown. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three cross-fostering fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types ("connectomics") by high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how identified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior. You can't teach an old dog new tricks. These findings provide functional evidence that classical cadherins promote mammalian CNS circuit development by ensuring that axons of specific cell types connect to their appropriate synaptic targets. The direct contributions of synaptic transmission to this process, however, remain unclear. Three prominent RGC subtypes: On-Off direction selective RGCs, object-motion-sensitive RGCs, and a specialized subclass of non-image-forming RGCs each had marked topographic variations in their dendritic arbor sizes. Seabrook, T. A., Burbridge, T. J., Crair, M. C., Huberman, A. D. Strict Independence of Parallel and Poly-synaptic Axon-Target Matching during Visual Reflex Circuit Assembly. How to Survive a Pandemic: Michael Greger, MD, https://media.blubrry.com/rrp/p/open.acast.com/public/streams/5de6c1c9bd860fd53f965e25/episodes/5f14f5e60ea06c3836554ed1.mp3, I love this film. Unlike humans, monkeys, or carnivores, mice are thought to lack a retinal subregion devoted to high-resolution vision; systematic analysis has now shown that mice encode visual space non-uniformly, increasing their spatial sampling of the binocular visual field. Click to reveal These findings reveal a critical period for coordinating the development of three processes in the LGN: the segregation of afferents from the two eyes, the spatial organization of those afferents into layers, and the alignment of postsynaptic cytoarchitecture with the afferent inputs. Indeed, one could argue that more information is now available about the mouse visual system than any other sensory system, in any species, including humans. The mammalian visual cortex massively innervates the brainstem, a phylogenetically older structure, via cortico-fugal axonal projections. Menu Close. The breathing conditions are (1) cyclic sighing, which emphasizes prolonged exhalations; (2) box breathing, which is equal duration of inhalations, breath retentions, and exhalations; and (3) cyclic hyperventilation with retention, with longer inhalations and shorter exhalations. They are the "control panel" for the rest of it. Specifically, we find excessive eye-specific segregation of retinal axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. This permanently disrupted the anatomical organization of ODCs and led to a dramatic increase in receptive field size for binocular cells in primary visual cortex. Together, these data demonstrate that the mouse LGN contains a far more elaborate representation of the visual scene than current models posit. Our findings reveal that in a genetically identified sensory map, spontaneous activity promotes synaptic specificity by segregating axons arising from RGCs of the same subtype. Andrew Huberman is an American neuroscientist and associate professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine who has. Studies in mouse models of DS suggest that cognitive deficits in the adult are associated with deficits in synaptic learning and memory mechanisms, but it is unclear whether alterations in the early wiring and refinement of neuronal circuits contribute to these deficits. Our data suggest that early spontaneous retinal activity conveys crucial information about whether thalamocortical axons represent one or the other eye and that this activity mediates binocular competition important for shaping receptive fields in primary visual cortex. Perturbations of vLGN activity disrupt exploration in brightly illuminated environments. The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination. In many species, neurons are unevenly distributed across the retina, leading to nonuniform analysis of specific visual features at certain locations in visual space. Hes developed and tested a number of stress-relieving techniques from specific patterns of breathing to visual tools and uses virtual reality to help humans control their stress in adaptive ways. Accurate motion detection requires neural circuitry that compensates for global visual field motion. Yu, W., El-Danaf, R. N., Okawa, H., Pacholec, J. M., Matti, U., Schwarz, K., Odermatt, B., Dunn, F. A., Lagnado, L., Schmitz, F., Huberman, A. D., Wong, R. O. Molecular fingerprinting of On-Off direction selective retinal ganglion cells across species and relevance to primate visual circuits. Here we report a new transgenic mouse line, Hoxd10-GFP, in which the RGCs projecting to all the AOS nuclei are fluorescently labeled. Yilmaz Balban, M. n., Cafaro, E. n., Saue-Fletcher, L. n., Washington, M. J., Bijanzadeh, M. n., Lee, A. M., Chang, E. F., Huberman, A. D. Neuroscience: A Chromatic Retinal Circuit Encodes Sunrise and Sunset for the Brain. In parallel, we use a previously characterized mouse line to answer these same questions for M1 intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs). Contact & Personal Details. Thus, our findings reveal that certain RGC subtypes manifest significant changes in dendritic structure after very brief exposure to elevated IOP. Website; Stanford Profile; Dopamine Nat i on (new book) Timestamps. 1) We study neural regeneration with the goal of developing treatments to prevent and reverse vision loss. Dr. Anna Lembke Links. These findings reveal roles for genetic- and projection-defined vLGN subpopulations in modulating the expression of behavioral threat responses according to internal state. Activation of the RemPFC pathway also increases autonomic arousal in a manner that is rewarding. When the head rotates, the image of the visual world slips across the retina. View details for DOI 10.1016/S0070-2153(10)93008-1, View details for Web of Science ID 000283820000008. This field is therefore positioned to reveal new principles of visual circuit development that no doubt will extend to other regions of the CNS. Given that Dr. Huberman's first appearance on the podcast has amassed over 10 million views on YouTube alone, chances are you're already familiar with this tenured professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford University School of Medicine, where he runs The Huberman Lab, which . First, the directional tuning of TRHR-DSGCs is broader than that of DRD4-DSGCs. View details for DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3455-10.2010, View details for Web of Science ID 000284999900031, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3073606. While some progress has been made in promoting long-distance RGC axon regrowth following injury, it remains unclear whether RGC axons can properly reconnect with their central targets to restore visual function. Check it immediately on Hulu (and no, this is not a sponsored thing). Mice respond to visual threats by either freezing or seeking shelter. Integration areas often vary topographically to sample space differentially across regions. The mothers name is Not Available. Electrophysiological recordings of Hoxd10-GFP RGCs revealed that they include all three subtypes of On direction-selective RGCs (On-DSGCs), responding to upward, downward, or forward motion. Dr. Andrew Huberman is a professor of neuroscience and the creator of the Huberman Podcast. By comparing specific On-type, On-Off-type and Off-type RGCs, we found that RGCs that target the majority of their dendritic arbors to the scleral half or "Off" sublamina of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) undergo the greatest changes, whereas RGCs with the majority of their dendrites in the On sublamina did not alter their structure at this time point. These findings point to a model in which poly-synaptic circuit development reflects independent, highly stringent wiring of each parallel pathway and downstream station. Also, we have no information about his son and daughter. View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125533, View details for Web of Science ID 000257992200020, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2655105. Furthermore, we show that these spared RGCs are electrophysiologically functional and thus still have potential value for the function and regeneration of the retina. The Huberman Lab Podcast was started in January 2021 by Dr. Andrew Huberman, a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine. OKR potentiation, a compensatory plastic increase in the amplitude of the OKR in response to vestibular impairment, is diminished by silencing visual cortex. Rats can discriminate simple shapes visually, even if they are moved around, made smaller, or partially covered up; the strategy they use may help shed light on human brain mechanisms for discriminating complex features, such as faces. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is a hallmark of glaucoma and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. This week's conversation is with Dr. Andrew Huberman, a neuroscientist and tenured Professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss the inner workings of our nervous systems and how we can use our physical bodiesour diaphragms and visual systemsto access and optimize certain states of mind. Listen and subscribe to the podcast here. In this issue of Neuron, Barnes etal. Other than this, he has been on the front of different worldwide magazines including Time, Scientific American, and others because of his magnanimous work in the area of science. The use of sensory information to drive specific behaviors relies on circuits spanning long distances that wire up through a range of axon-target recognition events. The visually inclined can watch it all go down on YouTube. His contributions to the world of science have earned him a lot of recognition. Substantial progress has been made toward identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie regenerative failure and how altering those pathways can promote cell survival and/or axon regeneration. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.045, View details for Web of Science ID 000331718900010. We show that preventing the formation of neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes prevents the death of RGCs normally seen in a mouse model of glaucoma. How specific features in the environment are represented within the brain is an important unanswered question in neuroscience. We have no more Information about his Father; we will try to collect information and update soon. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.090. Andrew Huberman is the most appreciated intellectual neuroscientist and podcaster. Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist, educator, and media superstar. These data reveal the diversity of cellular mechanisms that mammalian CNS axons use to pick their targets and highlight the key role of birthdate and outgrowth timing in influencing this precision. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.014, View details for Web of Science ID 000266146100005, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3140054. Understanding the biological underpinnings of the human threat response has been hindered by lack of realistic in-lab threat paradigms. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.051. These findings may have implications for understanding disorders of arousal and adaptive decision-making, such as phobias, post-traumatic stress and addictions. At Huberman, studies are conducted to learn how the brain functions, changes it undergoes from experiences, and how it is repaired after disease or injury. Besides, the influential personality is also the big brain behind his podcast about science, health, and fitness. 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