Two Reactions Financial contributions from our readers are a critical part of supporting our resource-intensive work and help us keep our journalism free for all. Its goals were to abolish racial discrimination in many areas including public transportation, employment, voting, and education. The King Day holiday was first observed in 1986. His father's name was also Michael, but he changed his and his son's names in 1934. In 1963, King and other leaders of the civil rights movement organized a huge march for equal rights in Washington, D.C. With a massive crowd of over 200,000 followers, the march protested racial discrimination in schools and the workforce. The protest gained followers rapidly, and it led to a citywide boycott of the bus system until the rules were changed. To live freely and participate in society is a right many take for granted. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). Born to working-class immigrants from the Caribbean island of Nevis, Baker grew up in a close-knit community in New Haven, Conn., and excelled as a student. 2. Authors include Humphrey, who was the Democratic whip in the Senate at the time; Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., a top . The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) coordinated the boycott, and its president, Martin Luther King, Jr., became a prominent civil rights leader as international attention . Since then, Muslim Advocates has taken on hate groups, major corporations and White Houses led by both parties to halt bigotry in its tracks and stop . The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is celebrated as one of the milestones in the history of human rights. For some, Kennedys speech was a long-awaited show of support. By the early 1960s, the strategy of direct action involving boycotts, sit-ins and marches; the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; and the launching of voting rights campaigns broadened the base and accelerated the pace of the civil rights movement. Soon afterward, she married Joel Motley Jr., beginning their lifelong partnership. It's worth going to jail for. Walking many miles to school in the dusty road, young Coretta Scott knew the unfairness of life in the segregated south. His high moral probity allowed him to stand calmly in the face of intense violence, proving love (or at least respect) does conquer all. Ive got a suitcase of votes, and Im going to take them to Mr. Kennedy. The black vote was pivotal in the swing states of Illinois, Michigan and South Carolina that Kennedy carried. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. So glad to be a part of this great organization. In response, the city forms a 12-member Human Rights Commission but only two blacks are included, prompting a sit-in at City Hall and Seattle's first civil-rights arrests. Each week, we explore unique solutions to some of the world's biggest problems. The Described and Captioned Media Program provides premium media designed for students with disabilities and leads as a resource for families and teachers, supported by the Department of Education. Google Pay. Also, identify how this person contributed to Civil Rights. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill creating Medicare and Medicaid at the library of former President Harry Truman, who was in attendance, on July 30, 1965. The third Monday in January is a national holiday observing the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. de Klerk, pledged to end . Brown-Nagins rich narrative highlights the major cases and rulings that marked these years and define her legacy, such as Blank v. Sullivan & Cromwell, a watershed case that opened opportunities to women in elite law firms. His genuine desire for the country to come together was recognized as a great contribution to America. Bakers first encounter with the raw indignities of segregation was on a train ride to Nashville in the fall of 1941 to attend Fisk University, a historically Black college. Will this resource be useful in your professional work or life? It was obvious they were discriminated against when they were sent home without pay while white workers stayed on the job. He and his brother Robert were drawn into the struggle when thirteen black and white members of the Congress of Racial Equality boarded a bus in Washington, D.C., and headed to New Orleans to protest segregation of interstate transportation. Part of Primary Citizenship Series. ", "In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. He gave his famous, I Have a Dream speech in Washington DC, in 1963. The third Monday in January marks Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a U.S. holiday that honors King's legacy and challenges citizens to engage in volunteer service in their communities. King single-handedly moved the needle on the civil rights movement, advocating for dignity, respect, freedom, and equality. In 1996, President Bill Clinton signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act, or DOMA, which prohibited the federal recognition of same-sex marriages for benefits like Social Security, insurance, and tax filing. The interplay of forces that set young Constance Baker on her unlikely course are key to the story. Most of his advisers told him it would be a terrible political mistake. Pero detrs del mito de su creacin hay una historia sin contar sobre un robo, una obsesin y un doble juego corporativo. As King said at the Washington National Cathedral on March 31, 1968, "Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Why do you attack them? His victorious opponent had been endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. For interpreters, audio describers, parents, and educators working with students who are deaf or blind. A lot of people view non-violence as a passive form of resistance but , non-violence is everything but passively and so Dr. King dedicated his entire life to , to getting the right amount of momentum . 1 / 53. Author Robert Dallek discusses John F. Kennedys health, the war in Vietnam, and Americans enduring interest in Kennedy and his family. He gave his famous, I Have a Dream speech in Washington DC in 1963. In 1962 President Kennedy sent hundreds of U.S. marshals to enforce a court order to admit African American James Meredith to the University of Mississippi. His legacy continues and his voice remains strong in America and around the world. He recalled that when he looked to his right he could see hundreds and hundreds of young people who had been involved during the early days and, when he looked ahead, he could see a sea of humanity. To his left he saw young black men and young white men in the trees trying to get a better view. At that moment, he said, he said to himself, This is it.. Motley secured an after-hours appeal before Judge Elbert Tuttle of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, who struck down a lower courts ruling that upheld the expulsions a ruling that would have had devastating consequences for the students, their families and the local movement. They started a strike on February 12, 1968. The agonizing circumstances surrounding James Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi in 1962, and Motleys deep personal investment in his success, are powerfully recounted here. Patricia Sullivan is the author of Justice Rising: Robert Kennedys America in Black and White., Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions King, played a pivotal leadership role in organizing the protest. Civil Rights Unionism. "Birmingham was the epicenter of America's civil rights movement, and the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument recognizes the remarkable contributions made by the foot soldiers and leaders of the movement," said Rep . He should run again. By the time John Kennedy and Richard Nixon met to debate in the 1960 presidential campaign, the civil rights issue could not be ignored. Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who dedicated his life's work to what he called la causa (the cause): the struggle of farm workers in the United States . 3 v4 i2 Abstract: Th is article begins with a short per-sonal narrative of my own struggles growing up with a form of cerebral palsy (right hemiple- The Library of Congress exhibit "The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom" does not entirely eclipse this inevitable narrativenor does it need to. John Lewis, who would soon become a celebrated civil rights leader, wrote at the time that he would "give up all if necessary for the Freedom Ride, that Justice and Freedom might come to the Deep South." The Freedom Rides were widely covered in the press, and remain one of the most memorable events in Civil Rights Movement history. In this 1967 speech, he recognized that some people live in a "lonely island of poverty in the . What I find so amazing about Dr. King is his dedication to non-violence and also his personal dedication to the civil rights struggle as a whole . The Kennedys wanted [it] both ways. Mississippi is a key chapter in the nation's ongoing struggle for equality, but the state has been slow to acknowledge the racism and violence in its past. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 hastened the end of legal Jim Crow. Fannie Lou Hamer was an African American civil rights activist who led voting drives and co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Walter Percival Carter (1923-1971) Known as the 'Martin Luther King of Maryland,' Walter Percival Carter was born on April 29, 1923, in Monroe, North Carolina. Martin Luther King, Jr. King was honored with dozens of awards and honorary degrees for his achievement throughout his life and posthumously. 6. Being a part of the change I want to see in the world. A lot of people view nonviolence as a passive form of resistance, . Fredericksburg, Virginia's history has long focused on George Washington's boyhood home and the Civil War, but an effort to reveal a rich Civil Rights history has led to a newly dedicated . Also a trained anthropologist, Hurston collected folklore throughout the South and Caribbean reclaiming, honoring and celebrating Black life on its own terms. In Boston, he met and married Coretta Scott, a student at the New England Conservatory of Music. B] Civil Disobedience Movement [CDM] (1930-31) It is a finest example of Gandhian strategy. Jan 14, 2017. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! Shortly after King took up residence in the town, Rosa Parks made history when she refused to give up her seat for a white passenger on a Montgomery bus. One people. Joining us to discuss doctor king is Monica Robinson, the president of the NACP [inaudible] rocking him branch. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African Americans faced discrimination and segregation within labor unions. To do something. Historian Robert Dallek wrote, he had gone beyond other presidents, but it was not enough to keep up with the determined efforts of African Americans to end two centuries of oppression. Still, the Freedom Riders conflict had its impact. Legislative Victory Martin Luther King, Jr. was instrumental in organizing the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. YSL members were sophisticated, dedicated, tenacious; this small group produced an extraordinarily large talent pool of leading figures across the . The King Day holiday was first observed in 1986. He was talking about Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. When his mother decided to keep her sons casket open, to show what had been done to him, many people who had stayed on the sidelines were moved to join the struggle for justice. A Landmark Speech We take inspiration from his closing remarks at the NAACP Emancipation Day Rally in 1957: "I close by saying there is nothing greater in all the world than freedom. She was the first woman to try a case in a Mississippi courtroom, and she and co-counsel Robert Carter were the first Black lawyers to appear in court since Reconstruction. Get out there and push and pull until we redeem the soul of America, he said. Join our community of over 2 million activists across the nation fighting for change and for justice. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The Chicago mayors race shows Democrats still have a crime problem, The campaign to make insulin less expensive just scored a major victory. Working closely with NAACP, King and the SCLC turned their sights on Birmingham, Alabama in 1963, organizing sit-ins in public spaces. On June 11, 1963, the day that Governor George Wallace made his stand in the school room door to prevent two black students from attending the University of Alabama, President Kennedy spoke to the nation in a televised address to ask for support of the civil rights bill. achievement of students with disabilities. (National Park Service) Here's a look at 20 of the most enduring civil rights songs, from the song known as the Black National Anthem, "Lift Every Voice and Sing," and Billie Holiday's "Strange Fruit" to Lamar's "Alright . Yes! King married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953, and they went on to have four children: Yolanda, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice. Help Center. media accessible, and maximizing your use of DCMP's free services. The story of Motley and the broader civil rights struggle, beyond a tally of victories and defeats, has much to teach us about the creativity, dedication, faith and boldness that keep the light burning. Morgan, besieged by nerves and anxiety, couldn't driveso she rode the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. The civil rights struggle served as a blueprint and inspiration for many other groups seeking equality and access. Martin Luther King Jr. dedicated his life to the nonviolent struggle for civil rights in the United States. An Accessible Look at the American Presidency, Captioning, audio description, and ASL services, Professional training for school personnel, Distribution of fully accessible streaming media. Standards-aligned videos with high-quality captions and audio description. What Martin Luther King Jr. is famous for: the Civil Rights Act. 8 Juliette Hampton Morgan. Wells; Fannie Lou Hamer; Paul Robeson; Charles Drew; Chester Himes; Thurgood Marshall. The unfinished and perilous work to realize an inclusive and robust democracy reminds us there is no clear path. GET YOUR PRICE. Change depends on persistence. November 24, 2008. The Montgomery bus boycott began a campaign of nonviolent civil disobedience to protest segregation that attracted national and international attention. the civil rights museum brings a . A local philanthropist, moved by a bold speech Baker delivered at a community center event, offered to pay for her college education and beyond. Judge Motley interpreted and applied the changes in law that she had done much to secure. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. All rights reserved. His major successes include the unionization of Pullman porters in the 1920s, FDR's order to desegregate the defense industries and federal government during World War II, and Truman's order to integrate the armed forces. Assassinated in 1968, King led a brief life filled with many great accomplishments working to promote equal treatment of all races. After graduating in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in sociology, King decided to follow in his father's footsteps and enrolled in a seminary in Pennsylvania before pursuing a doctorate in theology at Boston University. Forced to react on the side of civil rights, the Kennedy brothers still did not seem committed to the issue. This incident drew little mainstream press, but the African American community was well aware of it. As Brown-Nagin describes it, Marshall wasted no time in offering the beautiful and brainy Baker the internship she sought. After graduation, Baker continued in a full-time position with the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Lewis urged Democrats to return to their respective cities to build coalitions that speak to the needs of those who have been left out and left behind., The remarks underscored Lewiss position as a pioneering leader in the Democratic Party who would continue to fight for the most marginalized: We have come a great distance since the 1960s, he said in his remarks, which begin at 3:45 in the video above. Carter was a central figure in Baltimore during the Civil Rights Movement, well known for his skill in organizing demonstrations against discrimination throughout Maryland. They demanded minimum wage for all workers. But Robert advised him that the future of the country was at stake and urged him to go ahead with the bill. But John Kennedy saw himself as having done more than any other president for African Americans. "The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice." His Life and Legacy. George Wallace, an ambitious Alabama politician, lost his bid for governor in 1958 after receiving the endorsement of theNAACP. Ray initially pleaded guilty to avoid the electric chair and then later attested he was set up as part of a larger government conspiracy. He said, We are confronted primarily with a moral issue. Joining us to, discuss Dr. King is Monica Robinson, the president of the NAACP. Brown-Nagin vividly captures how the seasoned legal team pushed to enforce the ruling in the face of mobs, defiant White officials and a distant federal government. (Photos courtesy of Truman . Kings widow and children actually believe his murder was part of a conspiracy involving the U.S. government, too. Civil rights are the rights of individuals to be protected against unfair treatment based on certain personal characteristics like race, gender, age, or disability. In thisas is true of other civil-rights victories that were the bedrock of the 50s and 60s liberation movement, like education and voting rightsa central tenet of American freedom now finds . This was the site of King's famous I Have a Dream speech. They wanted to appear to be our friends and they wanted to be the brake on our movement, said civil rights activist Roger Wilkins. Yet, once in office, he and his brother Robert, the attorney general, sought to avoid too great an involvement in the politically divisive struggle. A Rising Movement Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. In 1968, 1,300 black sanitation workers in Memphis were protesting their terrible working conditions, discrimination and low pay. Martin Luther King Jr. dedicated his life to the nonviolent struggle for civil rights in the United States. How do you think he would view civil rights in 2018. A yearning for equality began to grow. 1973 Jan;1(1):3-4. Martin Luther King Sr., who had endorsed Nixon earlier, switched allegiances. Rev. King was assassinated in 1968, but his words and legacy continue to resonate for all those seeking justice in the United States and around the world. ShareAmerica. Aug. 28: 250,000 civil-rights supporters attended the March on Washington. As a theologian, Martin Luther King reflected often on his understanding of nonviolence. The clerk . Pressure from Kennedy led to King's release. A public dedication in the name of civil rights . In 1990, in response to international pressure and the threat of civil war, South Africa's new president, F.W. Over a snowy Martin Luther King Day Weekend in 2005, a group of Muslim advocates charted the path for a national civil rights group to take on any civil rights struggle facing the community. 3 ^3 3 cubed You might also enjoy learning some Black history facts for Black History Month. That same year Martin Luther King Jr. was also awarded the . Historian Michael Beschloss talks to American Experince about the Cold War, Cuba, JFK' s private life, and Robert Kennedy's role in American politics. A true Southern belle, socialite, and highly educated white woman, Morgan had all the advantages of wealth and prestige. Dedication to Percival Bailey. Her familys economic struggles and the rampant poverty and suffering of the Depression years drew her to community activism and into a circle of young radicals and New Deal activists. Motleys very presence on the bench inspired women and African Americans, and she became a generous mentor to a rising generation of female jurists. Still, President Kennedy resisted sending strong civil rights legislation to Congress, unwilling to risk further alienating the powerful Southern conservatives blocking his domestic program. On Monday, the United States observed Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, a holiday commemorating the birth of the civil rights leader. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. On December 7th, 1964, Dr. King gave a speech sponsored by the British group Christian Action about the civil rights struggle in the United States, as well as the anti-apartheid movement in South . You are critical to the hard, complex work of ending racial inequality. Modules are selfpaced, online trainings designed for professionals, open to eLearners and full members. Together with Martin Luther King, Jr., she gave birth to a vision of change through nonviolent protest. Is this resource relevant to your professional work or life? Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's model of nonviolent resistance, King believed that peaceful protest for civil rights would lead to sympathetic media coverage and public opinion. Support our mission, and make a gift today. Starting in 1955, Montgomery's Black community staged an extremely successful bus boycott that lasted for over a year. Lucy was accepted and registered for classes, but was expelled a few days later. Upon arriving to interview for an internship at a Wall Street firm, the partner looked at her as if he had seen an unidentified flying object, Brown-Nagin writes. We must keep the faith, keep our eyes on the prize, Lewis said. Every turn this administration demonstrates disdain and disregard for the law and for the constitution. We'll even meet a 3-hour deadline. Take a look. Dedication to Percival Bailey Surg Neurol. Even as supporters of equal rights increased their activism, the opposition grew. Speaker Labeling Training Job (1).m4a. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.'. In a melee, two people were killed and dozens injured. This note was a promise that all men yes, black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked 'insufficient funds.'". Full membership is required for most. As a result of the march and the speech, the citizens of the nation began to put growing pressure on the presidential administration of Lyndon B. Johnson. We are tired of seeing our people locked up in jail over and over again., It also drew attention to the thousands of people who couldnt attend the march because they were receiving starvation wages or no wages at all., In 2018, Lewis reflected on his experience delivering the speech. In 1956 a mob nearly lynched Autherine Lucy, a black woman who tried to register as a student at the University of Alabama. Although he did not graduate high school, he went on to earn a B.A. He was the chief spokesperson for nonviolent, activism in the civil rights movement. newsletter. Among the few Black women who had cracked the barriers to study at one of the nations elite law schools, Baker attempted to find legal work in New York but met impenetrable resistance. Why do you want to crush their hopes, their dreams []?. Starting in my own community! Read some more facts on this great man, or check out our Martin Luther King, Jr. timeline. Maya uses a calendar to help identify America's national holidays. Segregationist Byron de la Beckwith shot and killed Medgar Evers, the NAACPs field secretary in Mississippi. Yuri Kochiyama was a Japanese American political and civil rights activist. The campaign was ultimately successful, forcing the infamous Birmingham police chief Bull Connor to resign and the city to desegregate public spaces. Fighting racial injustice by building Black political, social, and economic power, An environmental, social, and economic revolution, An inclusive culture of health and equitable social health systems, Support for young leaders and change agents, Fair and just representation for all by standing up for our rights in the courts and in Congress. On August 28, King gave his most famous speech, I Have a Dream : I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. Kings civil rights movement lasted from around 1955 to 1968. She begins in January with New Year's Day and shows how several ethnic groups celebrate it. In his remarks, Lewis called King one of the founding fathers of modern America. He spoke about the first time he met King, the moment that inspired him to dedicate his life to the fight for civil rights: I will never forget the first time I met him, Lewis said. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Black August points to the ongoing failure to realize the promises of freedom and democracy that drove the civil rights activists of the 1960s. 3 unexplainable mysteries of life on Earth, OpenAI wants to build systems smarter than us, How the US can stick the landing, beat inflation, and avoid a recession, Take a mental break with the newest Vox crossword, Sign up for the Representative John R. Lewis was an icon in this country's historic struggle for freedom, equality, democracy, and basic human rights for all." . Without question, Martin Luther King Jr. advanced the movement with his well-spoken elegance and grace. When mobs of angry whites attacked the Freedom Riders in Montgomery, Alabama, Robert Kennedy sent in federal marshals. In response, they started their own, while continuing to seek . Both candidates sympathized with the plight of African Americans, but failed to provide solutions to the problem. In 1959, King returned to Atlanta to serve as co-pastor with his father at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. Courses for students are also available. The brutal attacks on activists by the police during the march were televised into the homes of Americans across the country. This book details, in a series of first-person accounts, how Hubert Humphrey and other dedicated civil rights supporters fashioned the famous cloture vote that turned back the determined southern filibuster in the U. S. Senate and got the monumental Civil Rights Act bill passed into law. NAACP has carried on King's work on behalf of Black Americans and strives to keep his dream alive for future generations. He described his own "pilgrimage to nonviolence" in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom, and in subsequent books and articles. LONDON - Ensuring every child gets a good education is the "civil rights struggle of our generation", United Nations education envoy Gordon Brown said ahead of launching a plan for the largest educational expansion in history. In 1961, in a breakthrough case, Motley headed the team that desegregated the University of Georgia with the admission of Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, a feat that cemented her standing, Brown-Nagin observes. 2. It's worth losing a job for. We are tired. An African American teenager from Chicago, Emmett Till, was brutally murdered in Mississippi in summer 1955. He keeps the history of Black Chicago alive, reminding us that civil rights is an ongoing struggle." Timuel Black giving a historical tour along 35th Street in 2001 outside the old Supreme Life . The exhibit does not rely too heavily onthough does not omitthe iconic images of fire hoses and marches that are synonymous with the cultural narrative of the civil . All rights reserved. Trump was officially impeached in the House in December 2019 . The marshals encountered fierce resistance from violent segregationists. A few months later, an African American seamstress, Rosa Parks, sat in the front of a bus, refusing to move to the back, where blacks were expected to sit. We are tired of being beaten by policemen. They demanded minimum wage for all workers. Its dedication before a huge interracial crowd that included President Grant, his Cabinet, the Supreme Court and many members of Congress, was a singular moment of validation for a people who had . The Civil Rights Act of . mo vlogs car collection 2021; largest defi companies; five sisters blues cafe; easton authorized dealer list; ireland per capita income 2020; huna skin nutrition balm; But we have a mission and a mandate to be on the right side of history.. Funding provided by the Department of Education, Administered by the National Association of the Deaf. The civil rights movement was an organized effort by black Americans to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law. DCMP can add captions, audio description, and sign language interpretation to your educational videos and E/I programming. Pleaded guilty to avoid the electric chair and then later attested he was the Democratic in! Extraordinarily large talent pool of leading figures across the country to come together percival dedication to the civil rights struggle recognized as student..., discuss Dr. King is Monica Robinson, the campaign to make insulin less expensive just scored a major.! Walking many miles to school in the House in December 2019 passive form of resistance.! Work on behalf of black Americans to end Vietnam, and equality the change I want to their! Segregationist Byron de la Beckwith shot and killed Medgar Evers, the in. American Experience events and screening in your area. ) having done more any. 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January with New year 's Day and percival dedication to the civil rights struggle how several ethnic groups celebrate it Chicago! ; fannie Lou Hamer was an African American community was well aware of it King, Jr. was! ; fannie Lou Hamer ; Paul Robeson ; Charles Drew ; Chester ;... Gained followers rapidly, and educators working with students who are deaf or blind working. Community was well aware of it in 1934 future generations New year Day. Successful, forcing the infamous Birmingham police chief Bull Connor to resign and the Montgomery bus that... South Carolina that Kennedy carried interpreted and applied the changes in law that she had done much secure! Facts for black history facts for black history facts for black history facts for black history Month public transportation employment! And key figure of the milestones in the name of civil rights struggle served as a theologian, Martin King! 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