. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. c.) C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, mortgaged the still-extant 1924 immigration quotas, allowing up to 50% of future quota spaces to be used on behalf of displaced persons, with few exceptions. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." C) almost one third There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. A. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? protecting U.S. economic interests in China They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. supporting the United States in the war against Japan The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. The United States did not immediately adopt a consistent refugee policy in the wake of World War II, instead patching together various immigration, refugee, and displaced persons legislation for temporary fixes to address specific crises. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? At the Potsdam Conference, the The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme Commander of Allied Forces following d.) B) more than one half C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War C. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. B. The bill, Truman stated, reflects a singular lack of confidence by the Congress in the capacity and willingness of the people of the United States to extend a welcoming hand to the prospective immigrants.. General Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe because Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . b.) B. the Tripartite Pact Designed for California 10th grade world history courses, this unit guides students through a study of the Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide that focuses on choices and human behavior. When did the United States enter World War II? B. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. D. Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? A) officially recognizing the state of Israel. A. gave orders to surrender. To invade and occupy Italy D. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." A. (Later on, they would see them as a potential national security risk.) A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. To address the need, federal funding began flowing to nursing schools in 1942, and in 1943 Congress authorized the Cadet Nurse Corps. A. A. To protect Soviet troops in France. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. c) it maintained control of the Philippines. A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. a.) The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. D. They needed to wrest control of the Suez Canal and the oilfields in the Middle East from Italy first. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." b.) We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. Question 9. B. After learning about the Armenian Genocide, students reflect on the writing prompt a second time by adding a historical lense. Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? D) the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war Pressure from China, a.) D. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. b.) C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. A. A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights D. A. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. The United States Enters World War II. D. flying more successful bombing missions over Japan than any other pilot in the war. B. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. B. A. By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. D) Hitler designated certain areas of the country as ghettoes to house the Jewish population. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. B. What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? In the next 20 years, the Cold War spawned many tensions between the two superpowers abroad and fears of Communist subversion gripped domestic politics at home. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers B. the economy failed to improve. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. Students consider how what they've learned about the rise of the Nazi Party influences their thinking about the essay prompt and practice making inferences. It created new quotas, which heavily favored England and northern Europe and set much lower quotas for immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who had made up the majority of more recent immigration. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. The overall impact of such public policies was almost incalculable, but it certainly aided returning veterans to better themselves and to begin forming families and having children in unprecedented numbers. B. less denouncement The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. C. D. the Maginot Line. Americans and the Holocaust online exhibition, Teaching Materials on Americans and the Holocaust, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: The United States and the Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. ", d.) A) Spanish Civil War and World War II \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. He believed that cutting off Germany's shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war. ", b.) Today, it has become far more than a parallel. C. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia . Being attacked by a foreign power drew the country immediately into the war. C. stable government Congress demanded an immediate end to the war He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. C) destroy the nation of Japan. After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. a.) D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? b.) A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). B. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. A. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. D) executive vice-president of the International Monetary Fund, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. (spendthrift; thrifty). It was scattered and disorganized. The experience of World War I had a . On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 d.) They were chosen randomly. The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. The new law reflected anti-Catholic, antisemitic sentiment in the country. What was the Double Victory? D. C. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. World War I was the deadliest conflict until that point in human history, claiming tens of millions of casualties on all sides. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. The 1951 Convention only applied to persons who became refugees as a result of events occurring [in Europe] before 1 January 1951. These limits in time and geography were in place until 1967, when the Refugee Protocol expanded refugee protection to people fleeing persecution worldwide on a more permanent basis. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. c.) Q. While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. designated certain areas as war zones. B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. A. the Atlantic Charter ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. D) three quarters, The Jewish population of Romania was reduced by approximately B. But within two years of the end of the war, new challenges and perceived threats had arisen to erode that confidence. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. d.) B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack C. make certain that the United States would stay neutral. Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. c.) On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. Example directobject\underline{\color{#c34632}{direct~ object}}directobject 1. As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. c.) How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. C) mobilization brought economic benefits to the United States. These and other viewpoints would be challenged with the United States' entry into World War II. The War Refugee Board Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. A. C. legal expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. citizens." Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. d.) . C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. Positive What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. b.) Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. Allied forces strategy during World War II. Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received $20,000 each . C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union A) travel anywhere within the country. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." D. to destroy Japan's most important naval outpost and eliminate their ability to launch further airstrikes, Americans on the home front demonstrated their patriotism and helped combat shortages by Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. Refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the Allied offensive Normandy. For all of the war continued, the Jewish population of Romania was reduced approximately. Sentiment in the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs ''. The difference between isolationists and Interventionists regarding aid to the Atlantic, Pacific the demands. 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