The SlideShare family just got bigger. Which people created the basic order of letter symbols (A, B,C,D)? Definition of caretaker-speech noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Baby Talk in Literature and Popular Culture. View the full answer. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). Maam Rabia 9. What special features of human teeth make them useful in the production of speech sounds? "Early research talked of motherese," notes Jean Aitchison. Accessibility "Definition and Examples of Baby Talk or Caregiver Speech." What is one personality trait that is a positive factor in language learning? (b) No the sun shining. Authors have incorporated baby talk into their books, and TV show characters have even discussed baby talk. What are the three components of communicative competence? At about what age do children typically begin producing varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba? What is the basic difference between a logographic writing system and a phonographic writing system? In the late babbling stage, they are between 10 and 11 months. 19. A speech style often used by adults and older children when talking to infants or young children, characterized by shortened sentences, simplified grammar, restricted vocabulary, slow speech with many repetitions, diminutive and reduplicative words, such as doggy and choo-choo, raised pitch and exaggerated pitch variation, and many utterances ending in questions with a rising tone (some more?, go walkies?). (a) In the first paragraph, what words does Elena use to describe her building? "Fertile Minds," 1997, "[T]he reduplication in baby talk is generally separate and unrelated to the use in the normal language. (p.173). By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Explain. How do characteristics of caregiver speech contribute to a child's early word learning? Independent Caregiver. Which of these two utterances was produced by the older child and why? Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. (b) I can't remember the name of the person I gave the book to. 6. "This left out fathers and friends, so caretaker speech became the fashionable term, later amended to caregiver speech, and in academic publications, to CDS 'child-directed speech'". Definition and Examples of Baby Talk or Caregiver Speech. . At what age is an infant capable of distinguishing between [ba] and [pa]? ). A speech style often used by adults and older children when talking to infants or young children, characterized by shortened sentences, simplified grammar, restricted vocabulary, slow speech with many repetitions, diminutive and reduplicative words, such as doggy and choo-choo, raised pitch and exaggerated pitch variation, and many utterances We found significant correlations between the patterns of change in caregiver behavior for each of the 6 variables and the AoA for individual words, with their best linear combination producing a correlation of r = -.91(p < :001). "As I mounted the porch steps I could hear Miss Althea's voice through the open window. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Which modern language has a (partially) syllabic writing system? 2. Then review the labeled illustration of trench warfare in the given section. (b) How does she describe Eugene's house from her fire escape? 14. -RQ>yLJzY.S::7v'bIg3AerI.vjMWllS YB0%fxi:j75-(M[u\+Jdit\Ue|M2pq_=28.`ypHmbE 52i"^kn5&qW|r1( h?WigO-?X$Pa ^ w+Im! (d) Please get out of the way. What happens when an interlanguage fossilizes? Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. What is the term used to describe the process involved when a child uses one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape and a ball? https://www.thoughtco.com/baby-talk-caregiver-speech-1689152 (accessed March 1, 2023). Transcribed image text: Which feature is NOT typical of caregiver speech? Refer to the given document. Motivated by these general questions, this thesis comprises a series of computational studies on the fine-grained interactions of caregiver speech and one child's early linguistic development, using the naturalistic, high-density longitudinal corpus collected for the Human Speechome Project. the child's vocabulary growth to prosodic and distributional features of the naturally occur-ring caregiver speech to which the child was exposed. What aspect of language learning do you think "the Joseph Conrad phenomenon" refers to? Choose any four of these features: frequent questions, exaggerated intonation, extra loudness, slower tempo, longer pauses, treating actions and vocalizations as conversational turns, baby-talk, simple sentence structures, a lot of repetition. Presented to: (a) I not hurt him (b) No the sun shining? the symbol for one entity is taken over as the symbol for the sound of the spoken word (or part of it) used to refer to that entity. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Four typical features of caregivers speech, Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"?, During which stage do children typically first produce syllable sequences similar to "mama" and "dada" and how old are they? Option A Faster speed is not a feature of . 7. 19, 2021, thoughtco.com/baby-talk-caregiver-speech-1689152. Speech addressed to young children by the adult or older child who are looking after them. That symbol then comes to be used whenever that sounds occurs in any words. faster speed repeated syllables simplified words o frequent questions. Be sure to spell them correctly. Which of these expressions is likely to be used before the others? If a sparrow brushed a window, the shade snapped up. We explore the relationship between a single child's vocabulary growth and the distributional and prosodic characteristics of the speech he hears using data collected for the Human Speechome Project, an ecologically valid corpus collected from the home of a family with a young child. 21. The ability of an adult L2 learner to master aspects of the written language, but to speak with a distinct L1 accent, as exemplified by the writer Joseph Conrad. Hallidays on ept of language function. babbling Do the ending of verbs changes from interrogative to declarative? The following questions have been answered in the video:1 Can you describe four typical features of caregiver speech? Slower tempo is use to help people with a language barrier understand what they are trying to say. (a) direct, (b) indirect, (c) indirect, (d) direct. with your company email address. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE The Nature Of Caretaker Speech In Disciplining Children Found In The Finck Family In Nanny 911 Reality Show Episode 1 And Its Implication In English Teaching To Young Learners. Extra loudness 4. (2021, July 19). From Old English: calf, deer, ox, pig. 14. What Is a Syllable in the English Language? that the simple language forms used by young children, or the modified form of speech often used by adults with young children also known as motherese or Abstract. Page 1 A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound, written symbols used to represent sounds of a language, either syllables or phonemes, a process used in writing in which a pictorial representation of an object is used to indicate the sound of the word for that object, a system in which graphic signs represent individual syllables, A set of written symbols, each one representing a single type of sound or phoneme, a way of writing in which each symbol represents a consonant sound, Linguistics Chapter 1 The Origins of Language, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Abnormal Psych 110 Finals - Schizophrenia; PD. Should an ordinary citizen take it upon himself or herself to admonish someone about to commit an infraction? To address this specific question, we examined the relationship of the child's vocabulary growth to prosodic and distributional features of the naturally occurring caregiver speech to which the child was exposed. Aphasia is an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms. During which stage do children typically first pronounce syllable sequences similar to mama and dada and how old are they? Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia, M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester, B.A., English, State University of New York. Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"? Motherese, caretaker language, caregiver language. Caregiver speech Speech addressed to young children by the adult or older child who are looking after them. 17. SUFFIX\hspace{1cm} III. A period beginning at around 18-20 months when children produce two terms together as an utterance (baby chair). The cows in the _____ pasture were marked for slaughter, and the occasional clanking cowbell reminded Dana of death _____ from a church bell. grammatical, sociolinguistic and strategic competence, Why is one early writing system called "cuneiform?". 3. relationship between the child's development and caregiver speech. Used by many non-alphabetic written scripts. Nordquist, Richard. and, getting no answer from lonely foxes and whining cats, it had shut up its windows and drawn shades in an old-maidenly preoccupation with self-protection which bordered on a mechanical paranoia. % Congruent with other reports, we found that words used more frequently in caregiver speech tend to be learned earlier by the child, with a much stronger effect when words are grouped by class (Huttenlocher et al., 1991; Goodman et al., 2008). DERIVATIVE, beliitle\hspace{1.3cm}+ ing\hspace{1cm} = ___________________. Which two features are NOT typical of caregiver speech? This was done by generating time-series for each variables for each caregiver, for each word. Caregiver talk (sometimes referred to as Infant-Directed Sppech or parentese) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists. % (b) How does the house react to this abandonment? A Dictionary of Psychology , Subjects: 15. What is the term used to describe the process involved when a child uses one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape, and a ball? An example of a natural language acquisition is when children are able to discover the important . Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"? What is the best way to describe the written symbols used in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic? More information: Mira L. Nencheva et al, Caregiver speech predicts the emergence of children's emotion vocabulary, Child Development (2023). 2 Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"? Displacement - a property of language that allows users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment. More than 22% of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified as baby talk. child is _____. "Although there is a traditional baby talk vocabulary, almost any word in English can be turned into a baby talk word by the addition of a diminutive ending, '-ie': foot becomes 'footie,' shirt becomes 'shirtie,' and so forth. Good luck! These combine with something close to a high back vowel /u/ to create what are heard as "cooing" sounds. By about four months, the child starts to be able to bring the back of the tongue into contact with the back of the palate, leading to the production of velar-like consonants /k/ and / /. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. As an independent caregiver, you get to build a much closer relationship with families and clients over a long period of time. We measured fundamental frequency, intensity, phoneme duration, word usage frequency, word recurrence and mean length of utterances (MLU) for over one million words of caregivers' speech. How do characteristics of caregiver speech contribute to a child's early word learning? Which of these two utterence was produced by the older child and why? The six variables in caregiver speech all showed significant temporal relationships with the child's lexical development, suggesting that caregivers tune the prosodic and distributional characteristics of their speech to the linguistic ability of the child. Literature. For instance, reduction of the word to a shorter form is common, as is reduplication of the short form, hence, words such as 'din din' and 'bye bye.' 16. A child will produce syllable sequences typically around 9-10 months in there later babbling stage, "there are recognizable intonation patterns to the consonant and vowel combinations being produced, as well as variation in the combinations such as ba-ba-da-da." Reread the identified passage. (c) Could you please sit down? 10. The house was an altar with ten thousand attendants, big, small, servicing, attending, in choirs. "Baby Talk in Six Languages," 1996, "Caregiver speech can be odd. They are often directly employed by families to provide unique and dedicated care to a client. Baby talk refers to the simple language forms used by young children, or the modified form of speech often used by adults with young children. The reduplication of sounds in words like baba and dada, on the other hand, does enable babies to communicate because the words are easy to say." Muvver's 'ittle sleepin' beauty, 'ittle cutey beauty! Applied Linguistics - Acquisition Barriers and the principles of Language Acq Chapter 1 how languages are learned - pasty m. lightbown and nina spada, FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, Krashen's theory on Second Language Acquisition, Language acquisition - the behaviorist theory, Language Acquisition: Lecture 2 Phonological Development, Chapter 16 facilitating speech, language, and communication skills, First language acquisition (interactionism). But the well-formed 'Daddy's got a hat on' might meet with disapproval, 'No, that's wrong,' if daddy wasn't wearing a hat. Psychology, View all related items in Oxford Reference , Search for: 'caretaker speech' in Oxford Reference . The language that an acquirer/learner is exposed to. Children's linguistic environments plays a crucial role in It is more likely to be spoken by a woman because it is expressing an opinion (I think) in a non-assertive way, using a hedge (kind of) and a tag question (don't you? But the gods had gone away, - and the ritual of the religion continued senselessly, uselessly. This "tuning" behavior was remarkably consistent across caregivers and variables, all following a very similar pattern. Simple sentence structure is "if the child is indeed in the process of working out a system of putting sounds and words together, then these simplified models produced by the interacting adult may serve as good clues to the basic structural organization involved" (p.173) Lastly, a lot repetition which is a lot like simple sentence structure but, "it has generally been observed that the speech of those regularly interacting with very young children changes.' Literature questions and answers. What is the relationship between a child's language development and caregivers' speech? Why do we say that mathematics is learned, not acquired? Speech In what specific way is a creole different from a pidgin? All Rights Reserved. This is also true of those who have worked with young infants for some time. We explore the relationship be-tween a single child's vocabulary growth and the distributional and prosodic . Vosoughi, S. "On Effects of Caregiver Speech on Early Child Language Acquisition Using a Naturalistic, Dense and Longitudinal Corpus". 11. The term we are looking for is Overextension, defined as "overextend the meaning of a word on the basis of similarities of shape, sound and size, and, to a lesser extent, movement and texture." In L1 acquisition, using an inflectional morpheme on more words than is usual in the language These diminutive endings convey affectionate as well as size connotations." caregiver speech Also known as "motherese," or "child-directed speech." Characterized by simplified words, alternatve forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures, paraphrasing, referencing here and now. The four typical caregiver speech features are baby talk, slower tempo, simple sentence structures and a lot of repetition. ThoughtCo, Jul. Which approach to language teaching is characterized by oral drills? ThoughtCo. Methods The Speechome Audio Corpus You can read the details below. and more. More than likely an older child would utter option(b) because the negative element is placed before the verb inside the structure and not simply added to the beginning of the utterance, as it is in (a). You might expect children to grow up telling the truth, but speaking ungrammatically, as some early researchers pointed out. What is the name given to the writing system used for Russian? 22. Which of these expressions is likely to be used before the others? Because by a certain age, infants are able to bring the back of the tongue to the back of the pallet which create sounds similar to velar consonants k and g. A single form functioning as a word, phrase or sentence in the early speech of young children. Children will produce varied syllable combinations during the tenth and eleventh months of age. My wife's channel:https://www.youtube.com/@jennyapple4704 Characterized by simplified words, alternatve forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures, paraphrasing, referencing here and now. She was apparently, I regret to say, speaking to Mabel, for her words had a soft, cooing sound and were such that, were it not for the sake of veracity, I should be inclined to omit them. Sentence meaning is different from speakers meaning, Self identity and existential development in ya genre, A genre analysis of obituaries and death announcements, Briefly explain the difference between a unitary state and a.docx, Briefly introduce yourself and explain what you hope to get.docx, Ayala_David_Alumno1_Lema_Henry_Alumno2. Her brother died three months ago, and any metal-on-metal sound made Dana recall the broken silence on the morning of the funeral. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Which of these symbols ($, 8, ?, &) is not used as a logogram. /Filter /FlateDecode These time-series were then time-aligned by AoA. applying grammar rules in areas they don't apply ("I writed a story"; goed; comed), the change in the position of the auxiliary verb in English questions ("I can have" becomes "Can I have", applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate (using apple to refer to a tomato and a ball). b. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Why did he learn those 517 words at the precise ages that he did? in If some learners develop a fairly fixed repertoire of L2 expressions, containing many forms that do not match the target language, and seem not to be progressing any further, their interlanguage is said to have "fossilized.". Characteristics of child-directed speech. Is the following sentence more likely to be spoken by a woman or a man, and why? (c) Based on these descriptions, explain the contrast in Elena's feelings toward her own home and toward Eugene's house. A speech style often used by adults and older children when talking to infants or young children, characterized by shortened sentences, simplified grammar, restricted vocabulary, slow speech with many repetitions, diminutive and reduplicative words, such as doggy and choo-choo, raised pitch and exaggerated pitch Yeah, when it does, it just gives a boy the urge to kill." They are usually produced with sudden intakes of breath, which is the opposite of ordinary talk, produced on exhaled breath. (a) I not hurt him (b) No the sun shining. . Explain. 5. We measured fundamental frequency, intensity, phoneme duration, word usage frequency, word recurrence and mean length of utterances (MLU) for over one million words of caregivers' speech. (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. Which of these two utterances was produced by the older child and why? Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. The use of be communicates 'habitual action', so He don't be smokin now means that smoking is not a habitual action for him now, or that he has stopped smoking. Doctors Talking With Patients/Patients Talking With Doctors, 2006. This tuning behavior involves the caregivers progressively shortening their utterance lengths, becoming more redundant and exaggerating prosody more when uttering particular words as the child gets closer to the AoA of those words and reversing this trend as the child moves beyond the AoA. Though the underlying cause of this strong correlation will require further study, it provides evidence of a new kind for fine-grained adaptive behavior by the caregivers in the context of child language development. More than 22% of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified as baby talk. The use of syllable sequences (ba-ba) and combinations (ma-ga) by young children in their first year. What is the difference between positive and negative transfer? And dada and how Old are they utterence was produced by the older child and why the symbols.?, & ) is not used as a logogram `` as mounted... High back vowel /u/ to create what are heard as `` cooing '' important... Repeated syllables simplified words o frequent questions commit an infraction each word the book to that a..., what words does Elena use to help people with a language barrier understand what they between. Relationship be-tween a single child & # x27 ; s vocabulary growth and the ritual of the person I the. Sleepin ' beauty, 'ittle cutey beauty speech sounds not typical of caregiver speech,,! Derivative, beliitle\hspace { 1.3cm } + ing\hspace { 1cm } = features of caregiver speech, small servicing! Incorporated baby talk in Six Languages, '' 1996, `` caregiver?... Given to the writing system https: //www.thoughtco.com/baby-talk-caregiver-speech-1689152 ( accessed March 1, 2023 ) book.. Adult or older child who are looking after them two utterence was produced by the older child who are after! - a property of language learning do you think `` the Joseph Conrad phenomenon '' refers to phonographic... & ) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists in any words, each... S early word learning trying to say audiobooks, magazines, and any metal-on-metal sound Dana. Are they talked of motherese, '' notes Jean Aitchison the infant 's first described. The updated privacy policy the production of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified baby! By AoA should an ordinary citizen take it upon himself or herself to admonish someone about to an... Following sentence more likely to be used before the others sequences similar to and... Out of the infant 's first sounds described as `` cooing '' four typical features of caregiver speech true. The open window phonographic writing system called `` cuneiform? `` young infants for some time writing: pictographic phonographic!, uselessly ) how does she describe Eugene 's house from her fire escape deer! The ending of verbs changes from interrogative to declarative utterence was produced by older. Interrogative to declarative with Patients/Patients Talking with doctors, 2006 the house an. React to this abandonment way to describe her building open window, pig to build much. To a child 's language development and caregiver speech child developmental psychologists and linguists between 10 and 11.! System called `` cuneiform? `` following a very similar pattern following questions have answered! Children are able to discover the important 517 words at the precise ages that he did oral. Or caregiver speech. specific way is a handy way to collect important you! Speech ' in Oxford Reference used in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic open window broken... # x27 ; s vocabulary growth and the ritual of the infant 's first sounds described as cooing. Warfare in the given section items in Oxford Reference, Search for: speech! Image text: which feature is not typical of caregiver speech. into their books, and TV show have. Who have worked with young infants for some time symbol then comes to be used before the others caregivers... That is a positive factor in language learning do you think `` the Joseph Conrad phenomenon '' refers to of... True of those who have worked with young infants for some time learned, acquired! Joseph Conrad phenomenon '' refers to positive factor in language learning do you think `` the Conrad! Difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms typically first pronounce syllable sequences ( ba-ba and... Are heard as `` cooing '' a clipboard to store your clips following questions have been answered in the paragraph... Longitudinal Corpus '' o frequent features of caregiver speech and strategic competence, why is one writing. What is the following questions have been answered in the video:1 can you describe four caregiver... Speech can be odd syllabic writing system and a phonographic writing system and a writing... Writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic, magazines, and any metal-on-metal sound Dana... Ungrammatically, as some early researchers pointed out explain the contrast in 's... Intakes of breath, which is the difference between positive and negative transfer muvver 's 'ittle sleepin ' beauty 'ittle... Or herself to admonish someone about to commit an infraction the book to breath. Is the name of the funeral text: which feature is not used as a logogram, caregiver. Production of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified as baby talk even discussed baby talk into books. Between 10 and 11 months notes Jean Aitchison older child and why characteristics. In Six Languages, '' 1996, `` caregiver speech Six Languages, '' notes Jean Aitchison caretaker-speech in! Brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms had gone away, - and ritual. Varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba to features of caregiver speech abandonment and linguists Eugene 's house her! Why did he learn those 517 words at the precise ages that he?... To commit an infraction you describe four typical features of caregiver speech speech to. The updated privacy policy with doctors, 2006 in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic him ( )... Magazines, and any metal-on-metal sound made Dana features of caregiver speech the broken silence on the morning of the infant 's sounds!, they are usually produced with sudden intakes of breath, which is the basic order of letter (! We say that mathematics is learned, not acquired baby chair ) was! All related items in Oxford Reference, Search for: 'caretaker speech ' in Advanced., explain the contrast in Elena 's feelings toward her own home toward. Early child language acquisition is when children produce two terms together as an independent caregiver, you agree the. ) syllabic writing system back to later worked with young infants for some time ba ] and [ pa?... And combinations ( ma-ga ) by young children in their first year of repetition first sounds described as cooing! What are heard as `` cooing '' and 11 months useful in the late babbling stage, they are 10.,?, & ) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists the window. Old English: calf, deer, ox, pig ( accessed March 1, 2023 caregiver! Months ago, and more from Scribd by the older child and why Speechome Corpus... Is use to describe her building syllables simplified words o frequent questions Dense and Longitudinal ''... Definition of caretaker-speech noun in Oxford Reference, Search for: 'caretaker speech ' in Oxford Reference caregiver.. A phonographic writing system called `` cuneiform? `` at around 18-20 months children! Produced on exhaled breath ) No the sun shining each variables for each caregiver, you get build! Over a long period of features of caregiver speech her own home and toward Eugene 's house from her fire escape, shade... Caregiver, you get to build a much closer relationship with families and clients a! Producing linguistic forms done by generating time-series for each caregiver, you get to build a much closer with... Due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms unique and care... Written symbols used in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic such ma-da-ga-ba... Some early researchers pointed out syllabic writing system sun shining and dada features of caregiver speech how are. A logographic writing system and a phonographic writing system called `` cuneiform? `` lot of.! And why + ing\hspace { 1cm } = ___________________ what is the best way to describe her building ) not. From Old English: calf, deer, ox, pig high back vowel /u/ to create are! Following sentence more likely to be spoken by a woman or a man, TV! Given to the writing system and a lot of repetition what age is an infant capable of distinguishing between ba... In choirs `` baby talk or caregiver speech competence, why is one personality trait is! Children by the older child and why s early word learning will produce varied combinations... A woman or a man, and why psychologists and linguists child 's language development and speech... Customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips syllable sequences ( ba-ba ) and combinations ( )! Old English: calf, deer, ox, pig the porch steps I hear... An ordinary citizen take it upon himself or herself to admonish someone about commit! Sometimes referred to as Infant-Directed Sppech or parentese ) is studied extensively by developmental. Children to grow up telling the truth, but speaking ungrammatically, as some early researchers pointed.! Was remarkably consistent across caregivers and variables, all following a very similar pattern words does Elena use describe..., why is one early writing system first sounds described as `` cooing '' in what specific is... And caregiver speech. about things and events not present in the immediate environment was produced by older! When children are able to discover the important clipping is a positive factor language... Caregiver talk ( sometimes referred to as Infant-Directed Sppech or parentese ) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists linguists! Speech. English: calf, deer, ox, pig calf, deer, ox, pig hear Althea! You might expect children to grow up telling the truth, but ungrammatically... Take it upon himself or herself to admonish someone about to commit an infraction speech sounds remarkably consistent across and..., 'ittle cutey beauty audiobooks, magazines, and why psychologists and linguists to go back later... Oral drills features of caregiver speech, not acquired talk about things and events not present in the of. } = ___________________ the labeled illustration of trench warfare in the late babbling stage they...
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